Let's take a look at Rhonda Patrick's Supplement Stack for overall health and longevity. Last updated on March 2026 this includes the brands, dosages, and things Rhonda is currently as well as some supplements she has used in the past.
📑Table of Contents📑
Who Is Rhonda Patrick
Supplement Details
Supplement's When Feeling Sick
Supplements She has Stopped Taking
Frequently Asked Questions
Click on supplement name to jump to the details of why she is taking these.
Who Is Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick is well known in the health and wellness industry due to her scientific research, discussions on various health topics, and being an outspoken health educator in forms like her podcast “Found My Fitness”. She is knowledgeable on the latest research in supplementation and did postdoctoral work with Dr. Bruce Ames who was looking at the effects of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) on health long before many others.
Before we get to Dr. Patrick's recommended supplements I want to be clear that this is not medical advice and supplementation is a very individual thing that should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Also never lose sight that the biggest levers to changing your health are exercise, diet, sleep, and stress management. Supplements should complement these foundational health practices not replace them.
To be transparent the links here are via Amazon affiliate. This means I make a few cents if you buy a product from the links. This does not change the price you pay and helps support me in testing and experimenting with supplementation and health protocols to share with you all.
Links are to products Rhonda herself has mentioned using and she prefers to use the following brands: Thorne, Pure Encapsulations, Life Extensions, and Metagenics (for fish oil)
Updated March/2026 (source, source2, source3)
Rhonda Patrick's Daily Supplements Details
Based on her most recent FoundMyFitness Q&As and podcast appearances, Rhonda's confirmed daily supplements include: Urolithin A, multivitamin (alternating between Pure Encapsulations ONE and Thorne 2/Day), fish oil (2g), vitamin D3 (4,000 IU), vitamin K2 (100mcg MK-7), magnesium glycinate (~125–130mg at night), sulforaphane, creatine (10g), alpha-lipoic acid (~600mg), PQQ (20mg), NR from Tru Niagen, collagen peptides, protein powder, ubiquinol, and melatonin (3mg).
Multivitamin
Rhonda alternates between two types of multivitamins each month. Her choice to alternate is based on the slightly different compositions of each multivitamin, allowing her to benefit from a broader range of nutrients. Rhonda tried to get a majority of her micronutrients through diet but includes a multivitamin to cover all her bases and ensure her body has all the micronutrients to run optimally.
She switches off between: Pure Encapsulations ONE and Thorne 2/Day
Fish Oil
Rhonda is a big proponent of supplementation of Omega 3 fatty acids. She takes a high-quality omega-3 supplement with latest being from Metagenics. She takes 2 grams daily per interview in June 2025 with 1 gram the morning and an additional 1 gram in the evening. She was taking 4-6 grams previously.
Omega 3’s have studies showing a plethora of positive effects including:
- Reducing chance of cardiovascular disease/ death [1]
- Preventing age-related macular degeneration[2]
- Reducing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and influencing various biomarkers of aging [3]
- Reducing muscle loss in older adults[4]
- Influencing infant brain development[5]
- Improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19,[6] [7]
She uses Metagenics but other high quality fish oil supplements I like are:
Nordic Naturals / Carlsons / Viva Naturals
Vitamin D
Rhonda takes 4,000 IU of Vitamin D daily (including multi vitamin). This dosage is adjusted based on her sun exposure and is titrated via regular blood tests. For blood levels she aims to stay between 40 and 60 ng/ml, generally hovering around 50 ng/ml.
35-40% of Americans are deficient in Vitamin D and 50% have Vitamin D insufficiency [8] [9]. This critical steroid hormone helps with bone health,immune health, gene regulation, and hormonal health so getting your levels tested is a great way to a potential low hanging fruit to improve your health. Note: Many multivitamins have Vitamin D so make sure you are accounting for this dose when adding Vitamin D to your daily supplement stack.
Rhonda Patrick suggests 1,000 IU capsules from Life Extensions / Thorne
Vitamin K
Rhonda supplements with vitamin K to ensure she is getting enough. She specifically takes Life Extensions 100 mcg of MK-7, a bioavailable form of Vitamin K2 with a longer half life.
Vitamin K is found in vegetables like leafy greens and is critical to bone health. Being deficient in Vitamin K is believed to increase cardiovascular risk [9] due to calcium transport issues. Rhonda mentions taking Life Extension’s K2 MK-7 (45mcg)
Magnesium
Rhonda recently did an episode of her podcast on magnesium that outlined the critical importance of this mineral for many body functions. Magnesium helps the body repair DNA damage, may reduce cancer risk [10], and is a cofactor for more than 300 enzyme systems that help regulate many aspects of our bodies from nerve function to muscle contraction. Nearly 45% of people in the United States are deficient in Magnesium [11] so this is a high leverage supplement for many people. If you are not eating a lot of leafy greens and vegetables this is a key supplement to avoid magnesium deficiency.
Dr Rhonda Patrick takes ~125–130mg of magnesium glycinate at night (supplemental), favouring highly bioavailable forms to avoid digestive distress. The recommended daily intake is 320mg/day for women and 420mg/day for men — she aims to meet most of this through diet (leafy greens, nuts, seeds) and tops up with targeted supplementation. For those of us, like myself, who don’t eat as many leafy greens as we would like, we may need to increase this dose. I personally take closer to 240 mg of magnesium daily. If you exercise regularly you need 10-20% higher magnesium values than the daily recommended 350 mg [12] due to sweating some out.
Rhonda uses various forms of magnesium to hedge her bets but her staple form is magnesium glycinate. Rhonda mentions taking magnesium Glycinate from Pure Encapsulations and Magnesium Om from Moon Juice
Other good brands of magnesium glycinate include: Life Extensions and NOW
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane is a compound found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. Rhonda aims for around 40-60 mg daily, which she achieves by eating fresh broccoli sprouts or taking broccoli sprout extracts.
Sulforaphane is known for its ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway, which upregulates the body’s antioxidant defenses, aiding in detoxification and reducing inflammation [15]. This compound has been shown to have anti-cancer properties, support cardiovascular health, and even enhance brain function. [16] Dr. Patrick likes to grow her own broccoli sprouts at home, but for those looking for supplement options she recommends the products listed below. These sources are based on research from Jed Fahey of John Hopkins University that did much of this research and showed the importance of a quality Sulforaphane source [17].
Rhonda uses Avmacol for her source but others she has used in the past include BROQ - 2 pill (20 mg total) andThorne’s Crucera-SGS
Curcumin Phytosome
Rhonda sometimes takes 500-1000 mg of curcumin phytosome for anti-inflammatory effects. Curcumin is known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help reduce chronic inflammation, support joint health, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases [19]. Studies show taking curcumin with black pepper (piperine) increases absorption [20]
Curcumin has been studied extensively for its role in modulating various signaling molecules, making it potentially beneficial for a wide range of health conditions. Rhonda mentions curcumin's ability to support cardiovascular health, improve brain function, and even exhibit anti-cancer properties.
Rhonda recommends using curcumin from Thorne and Pure Encapsulations CurcumaSorb
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant that Rhonda Patrick includes in her supplement regimen. She takes 600 mg of ALA daily to support mitochondrial function and combat oxidative stress. ALA is unique because it is both water- and fat-soluble, allowing it to work in various parts of the cell [22].
Rhonda emphasizes ALA's role in enhancing insulin sensitivity, supporting cardiovascular health, and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. ALA also helps regenerate other antioxidants, such as vitamin C and glutathione, enhancing their efficacy.
Dr. Rhonda mentions using Pure Encapsulations 600 mg ALA. Thorne and Jarrow also have options at a lower cost.
Cocoa Extract
Cocoa extract is another supplement that Rhonda Patrick uses for its numerous health benefits. Rich in flavonoids, particularly epicatechin, cocoa extract has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cocoa flavonoids have been shown to improve cardiovascular health by enhancing endothelial function and reducing blood pressure. They also support brain health and cognitive function by increasing blood flow to the brain
Rhonda typically takes ~750 mg of cocoa extract daily per a Q&A. She mentions taking Cocoavia Cardio Health (powder, pills). For 750mg this would be 2 pills or 1 scoop depending on what form you prefer.
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
PQQ is a compound that Rhonda Patrick includes in her regimen for its mitochondrial support and neuroprotective effects. PQQ may promote the growth of new mitochondria and protect existing ones from oxidative stress [23]. There is also researching showing potential cognitive function benefits from PQQ supplementation [24]
Rhonda mentions taking Life Extensions 20mg pills daily
NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)
NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) is a precursor to NAD+, a coenzyme essential for cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, and Rhonda has highlighted this as one of the more pressing drivers of aging at the cellular level. She confirmed taking NR on a recent appearance on the Andrew Huberman podcast, citing its role in maintaining healthy NAD+ levels.
Research on NR has demonstrated its ability to meaningfully raise NAD+ levels in humans, which supports mitochondrial function, activates longevity-associated proteins called sirtuins, and may help protect against age-related metabolic decline. Rhonda has covered NAD+ biology extensively on FoundMyFitness, describing NR as one of the better-supported interventions for slowing cellular aging.
Dr. Patrick is currently taking NR from Tru Niagen, one of the most clinically studied NR brands available. The exact dose she is currently using has not been publicly confirmed.
Urolithin A
Urolithin A is a natural compound produced when gut bacteria metabolize ellagitannins found in foods like pomegranates, walnuts, and berries. It has gained significant attention for its ability to trigger mitophagy — the cellular housekeeping process that clears out damaged mitochondria and promotes the growth of new, healthy ones. Dr. Patrick has confirmed she includes Urolithin A in her supplement stack specifically for its mitochondrial health benefits.
Research has shown that Urolithin A can improve mitochondrial function and muscle endurance, and may slow aspects of cellular aging by keeping mitochondrial quality high. A key challenge is that many people cannot produce sufficient Urolithin A through gut bacteria alone, making supplementation the most reliable route. Rhonda has discussed mitophagy as a critical longevity mechanism, and Urolithin A has some of the strongest clinical evidence for directly activating it in humans.
The exact brand and dose Dr. Patrick is currently using have not been publicly confirmed. A well-regarded option is Mitopure by Timeline, which uses the clinically studied form of Urolithin A.
Creatine
Dr. Rhonda Patrick takes creatine daily, not just for muscle health but also for its emerging cognitive benefits. She includes 10g of creatine monohydrate (source) in her supplement stack, dissolved in water or a smoothie.
She will will take 15-20 grams on days she has had poor sleep or has had heightened stress loads.
While creatine is well-known for supporting muscle strength and recovery, studies show it may also play a role in brain health. Research suggests creatine can improve memory and cognitive function, particularly during periods of stress or sleep deprivation [28]. Additionally, it may enhance energy production in brain cells, supporting overall mental clarity.
Creatine is naturally found in foods like red meat and fish, but supplementation ensures adequate levels for both physical and cognitive benefits. Dr. Patrick uses creatine monohydrate from Thorne
Collagen Peptides
Dr. Rhonda Patrick incorporates collagen peptides into her daily routine to support skin health, joint function, and overall connective tissue integrity.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, but production declines with age. Supplementing with collagen peptides has been shown to improve skin elasticity, reduce joint pain, and promote healthy hair and nails [29]. It may also support gut health by helping to maintain the intestinal lining.
Dr. Patrick is taking Besha collagen peptides currently as they use the patented formula
Inositol
Inositol is something Rhonda mentions taking in a recent Q&A (#55) to improve sleep quality. Inositol is a naturally occurring carbohydrate compound found in various foods and produced by the human body, often categorized within the vitamin B complex group.
The one study I found on the sleep promoting effects of Inositol was done on pregnant women [26] but there are many anecdotes from people benefiting from Inositol for sleep I was unable to find the brand Rhonda uses. Jarrow and Life Extensions are good options
Protein Powder- Whey Isolate
Dr. Rhonda Patrick has mentioned taking protein powder to increase her protein intake and reach daily protein goals.
When choosing a whey protein isolate supplement, Rhonda advises looking for products that are low in additives and sweeteners. In a Q&A she mentions preferring whey isolate to whey concentrate due to higher protein content, less fat content, and overall less other things besides the protein she is after. She also mentions preferring a source from grass-fed cows as it has higher amounts of Omega-3 fatty acids. Whey protein is rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, which is crucial for stimulating muscle protein synthesis. It can also support immune function due to its high levels of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. Furthermore, whey protein has been shown to promote healthy aging by preserving lean muscle mass and improving metabolic health.
Rhonda mentions using the Nutricost version. Promix is another brand that meets this criteria I learned about from Dr. Peter Attia
Glutamine Powder
Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the human body and plays a crucial role in immune function, intestinal health, and muscle recovery. Dr. Patrick includes Glutamine Powder in her regimen, particularly around high-intensity activity, to support these functions.
- Rationale for Use: Glutamine is a primary fuel source for immune cells and cells lining the gut (enterocytes). Intense exercise can temporarily deplete the body's glutamine stores, which may compromise immune function and gut barrier integrity. Supplementing with glutamine helps maintain these stores, promoting faster recovery and supporting a healthy gut lining.
- Dose: 1 scoop daily (taken when working out hard).
- Brand/Source: Thorne
Beet Root Powder
Beet root powder is utilized for its high concentration of dietary nitrates, which the body converts into nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator, meaning it widens blood vessels.
- Rationale for Use: The nitric oxide-boosting effect of beet root is beneficial for cardiovascular health and exercise performance. By promoting vasodilation, it increases blood flow to muscles during exercise, potentially improving endurance, reducing the oxygen cost of exercise, and lowering blood pressure.
- Dose: 1 dose
- Brand/Source: Now Sports
Ubiquinol
Ubiquinol is the active, highly bioavailable form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a compound essential for mitochondrial health and energy production.
- Rationale for Use: CoQ10 is a vital component of the electron transport chain, where it helps generate ATP, the cell's main energy currency. It is also a powerful antioxidant, protecting cell membranes and mitochondria from oxidative damage. As CoQ10 levels naturally decline with age, supplementation with the more easily utilized form, Ubiquinol, supports mitochondrial function, cardiovascular health (especially in the context of statin use), and cellular energy.
- Dose: 1 capsule.
- Brand/Source: Rhonda uses the Pure brand with their more bioavailable form but Life Extensions and NOW are also good options
Melatonin
Melatonin is a hormone primarily known for regulating the sleep-wake cycle. While the body naturally produces it in response to darkness, Dr. Patrick supplements with it due to helping with her sleep terrors and due to it being a potent, broad-spectrum antioxidant that is particularly effective at scavenging reactive oxygen species (free radicals), which may contribute to its overall health benefits beyond sleep. She currently takes 3mg nightly (reduced from the higher doses she previously used for sleep terrors). Many people do well with even lower doses — some research suggests doses in the mcg range are effective for sleep onset.
- Dose: 3mg.
- Brand/Source: Rhonda does not mention the brand she uses but I like Life Extensions
Supplements Rhonda Patrick Takes When Feeling Sick
Vitamin C
Dr. Patrick uses Liposomal Vitamin C when she starts feeling sick or feels she may have been exposed to a virus. She uses the liposomal vitamin C form for its enhanced absorption and potential role in supporting the immune system.
Liposomal vitamin C is encapsulated in tiny lipid spheres, allowing for better absorption compared to traditional vitamin C. Research suggests that adequate vitamin C levels can help reduce the severity and duration of viral infections by supporting immune cell function and reducing inflammation.
She uses Pure Encapsulations
Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that Rhonda Patrick takes therapeutically when she feels sick or has been exposed to illness. It plays a critical role in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and the inflammatory response. She takes zinc in lozenge form at 60-100mg daily at the onset of illness, as lozenges allow zinc to come into direct contact with the throat — where many respiratory viruses first replicate.
Research supports zinc's ability to reduce the duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms when taken early. Rhonda has discussed zinc supplementation on FoundMyFitness in the context of acute immune support, noting that therapeutic doses are short-term and much higher than typical maintenance doses.
Dr. Patrick uses zinc lozenges from Life Extensions at 60-100mg daily when sick. This is a therapeutic dose and not intended for daily long-term use.
Supplements Rhonda Patrick Has Stopped Taking
Berberine
Rhonda Patrick includes berberine in her supplement regimen due to its potential benefits for metabolic health. Berberine is an alkaloid extracted from various plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. Rhonda takes 500 mg of berberine around two times daily, usually before meals. Berberine has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, support healthy blood sugar levels, and promote beneficial gut bacteria [13].
This is a more recent addition to her supplement stack but recent research shows Berberine may reduce inflammation and reduce multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. [14]
As of January 2025 Rhonda mentioned she has stopped taking Berberine as ALA has many of the same effects on managing glucose and less potential risk to mitochondrial health
Dr. Patrick mentioned taking berberine from Thorne. Pure Encapsulations is another good option
Choline
Choline is another essential nutrient that Rhonda Patrick prioritizes in her daily regimen when she feels her diet is lacking enough Choline sources. She takes 300-500 mg of choline bitartrate or alpha-GPC on days she is not eating choline-rich foods like eggs and liver.
Choline is crucial for brain health, as it is a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and muscle control. It also supports liver function and lipid metabolism [18].
Many people do not get enough choline from their diet, which can lead to deficiencies impacting brain function and overall health. Rhonda also has highlighted the importance of choline during pregnancy for fetal brain development and recommends that pregnant women ensure adequate choline intake through diet or supplementation.
For those seeking a choline supplement, Rhonda suggests looking for forms like alpha-GPC or CDP-choline (citicoline) for their superior bioavailability and efficacy.
Jarrow - Alpha GPC, Thorne Phosphatidyl Choline
Lutein + Zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that Rhonda Patrick emphasizes for their critical role in eye health. Rhonda supplements with 10-20 mg of lutein and 2-4 mg of zeaxanthin daily to support her vision and protect against age-related macular degeneration [21]. These carotenoids accumulate in the retina, where they filter harmful blue light and act as antioxidants, protecting the eyes from oxidative stress.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are also linked to cognitive health, as they cross the blood-brain barrier and may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. For those who do not consume enough leafy greens and colorful vegetables, supplementation can be particularly beneficial.
Rhonda mentions Jarrow and Pure Encapsulations. Both contain Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is another supplement that Rhonda Patrick uses for its cognitive and mitochondrial benefits. ALCAR crosses the blood-brain barrier and helps maintain healthy acetylcholine levels, which are crucial for memory and learning [25].
Rhonda highlights ALCAR's ability to enhance mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and support overall brain health. This makes it particularly beneficial for aging individuals and those looking to improve cognitive performance.
I was unable to find the brand Rhonda uses but Thorne and Life Extensions look like solid offerings
Benfotiamine
Dr. Rhonda Patrick includes benfotiamine in her regimen for its potential benefits in supporting nerve health and combating oxidative stress.
Benfotiamine, a fat-soluble form of vitamin B1 (thiamine), is absorbed more efficiently than standard thiamine and may help reduce advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body. This has implications for reducing inflammation, protecting against diabetic complications, and supporting cognitive function .
Dr. Patrick uses Life Extensions
Mushrooms
Rhonda mentions using Lion’s Mane Mushroom in a drink when wanting to enhance cognitive performance and focus. Lion's Mane has shown to increase cognitive function in older adults that have existing cognitive impairment [27] but other studies had less clear cut results.
Rhonda mentions that finding good quality Lions Mane is difficult and many big brands were found to not meet best manufacturing practices. In this video she mentions that clinical evidence is pretty weak on Lions Mane at this time and more research is needed to fully understand the benefits and proper dosing here.
In terms of brands Dr. Patrick calls out being being careful and looking for ones that contain fruiting bodies and not just mycelium. People seem to like Nootropics Depot 8:1 due to using 100% whole fruiting body and no fillers.
Related Articles
- Peter Attia Supplement Guide
- Andrew Huberman Supplement Guide
- Andy Galpin's Supplement Guide
- Bryan Johnson's Supplement Guide
Frequently Asked Questions
What supplements does Rhonda Patrick take every day?
Dr. Rhonda Patrick's daily supplements include a multivitamin (alternating between Pure Encapsulations ONE and Thorne 2/Day), fish oil (2g/day), vitamin D3 (4,000 IU), vitamin K2 (100mcg MK-7), magnesium glycinate (~440mg), sulforaphane, creatine (10g), alpha-lipoic acid (~600mg), cocoa extract (750mg), PQQ (20mg), collagen peptides, protein powder, ubiquinol, and melatonin (3mg). She also sometime takes Berberine, inositol, beet root powder, and glutamine when training hard.
How much fish oil does Rhonda Patrick take?
As of her June 2025 update, Rhonda takes 2 grams of fish oil daily — 1 gram in the morning and 1 gram in the evening. She previously took 4–6 grams but reduced after her omega-3 index tested at 16, which she determined was higher than necessary.
Does Rhonda Patrick take creatine?
Yes — Rhonda Patrick takes 10 grams of creatine monohydrate daily. She takes it not just for muscle health and performance but also for its emerging cognitive benefits. She uses Thorne creatine.
Does Rhonda Patrick take NMN or NAD+ supplements?
As of her most recent public updates she is experimenting with NR supplemntation for NAD+ boosting ability
What form of magnesium does Rhonda Patrick take?
Rhonda uses magnesium glycinate as her primary form, taking around 440mg daily in various forms. She prefers glycinate for its bioavailability and tolerabilit.
References
[1] https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
[2] https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026156142100474X
[3]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S088915911200431X?via%3Dihub
[4] https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405457721010949
[5] https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/30/4/2057/5621493
[6] https://www.plefa.com/article/S0952-3278(21)00013-2/fulltext
[7] https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-021-02795-5
[8] https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/how-to-spot-a-vitamin-d-deficiency#:~:text=Four%20out%20of%2010%20people,is%20it's%20an%20easy%20fix.
[9] https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378512213003198
[10] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16570028/
[11] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22364157/
[12] https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
[13]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874997/#:~:text=It%20stimulates%20glycolysis%2C%20improving%20insulin,has%20been%20also%20well%2Ddocumented.
[14]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711323000740?via%3Dihub
[15]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611193/#:~:text=Sulforaphane%20(SFN)%20is%20a%20phytochemical,human%20trials%20have%20been%20completed.
[16] https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/7857186/
[17] https://chemoprotectioncenter.org/frequently-asked-questions/
[18] https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/
[19] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8572027/
[20] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/
[21] https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/827
[22] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723188/
[23] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_40
[24]https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2023/fo/d2fo01515c#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20PQQ%20improves%20cognitive,adults%20aged%2020%E2%80%9365%20years.
[25] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5621476/
[26]https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14767058.2020.1818225
[27] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.2634
[28] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7916590/
[29] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8824545/
